Prediction and control measures of water inflow for subsea tunnels
Yunjuan Chen,Mengyue Liu,Zongqing Zhou,Mengzhen Su,Shangqu Sun
Abstract
Predicting water inflow and optimizing waterproofing-drainage systems are critical for subsea tunnel safety. This study addresses the limitations of static parameter-based models by proposing a dynamic analytical formula for water inflow prediction, integrating tunnel depth, hydraulic head, and lining permeability using complex variable functions and Darcy's law. Additionally, three-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted to evaluate the stability and pore water pressure distribution of the tunnel in land section, sea section, and land-sea transition section with fully encapsulated or half-encapsulated waterproofing-drainage schemes. Key findings include: the half-encapsulated system reduced lining deformation by 15-20% in the land section, offering a cost-effective solution; pore water pressure in the sea section remained below 0.5 MPa (excluding class IV/V zones), recommending a fully encapsulated system with pressure-relief valves; and elevated pore water pressure (up to 0.42 MPa) at the land-sea interface necessitated adaptive drainage measures. While the analytical formula and numerical simulations address distinct aspects of tunnel design (water inflow prediction and structural stability), their combined insights provide a holistic framework for optimizing subsea tunnel systems under dynamic hydraulic conditions.
Key Words
deformation; pore water pressure; subsea tunnel; water inflow; waterproofing and drainage solutions
Address
Yunjuan Chen — School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; Key Laboratory of Building Structural Retrofitting and Underground Space Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
Mengyue Liu and Zongqing Zhou — School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
Mengzhen Su — School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
Shangqu Sun — College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Jinan 250002, China
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