Numerical analysis study for estimating the freezing range of tunnels in cold regions

This study presents a numerical analysis approach to determine the freezing range of tunnels in cold regions. The analysis utilizes numerical methods to analyze the temperature distribution inside the tunnel and the temperature distribution of the surrounding ground. Based on the numerical analysis results, a regression equation is proposed to estimate the freezing range. In South Korea, more than 70% of the land consists of mountainous areas, leading to an increasing trend in tunnel construction due to limited land availability for road and railway development. Consequently, the importance of maintenance and management of tunnel structures has been emphasized. Tunnels operating in cold regions, particularly in well-known areas like Gangwon Province, are susceptible to freezing-related damages such as icicle formation, ice accumulation, and blockage of drainage pipes. Therefore, this study aims to determine the freezing range of tunnels in cold regions using numerical analysis methods. The research findings confirm the temperature distribution inside the tunnel and the ground surrounding the tunnel under various structural and environmental conditions. By utilizing the results of the numerical analysis, regression equations are derived to estimate the freezing rate along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and the depth of ground freezing around the tunnel. These research outcomes can serve as a useful indicator for assessing the freezing prevention measures and facilitating efficient maintenance and management of tunnels in cold regions.