Nanocomposite modelling, synthesis and applications in clean energy (hydrogen) storage -A comprehensive review

Hydrogen, as a clean and efficient energy carrier, has gained significant attention for its potential in addressing global energy challenges. Efficient and safe storage is a critical aspect of harnessing hydrogen as an energy source, and various materials and mechanisms have been developed to optimise this process. The review begins by elucidating the fundamental mechanisms governing hydrogen storage in materials, encompassing physical adsorption, chemical bonding, and hybrid storage mechanisms. Subsequently, it delves into an extensive examination of different types of hydrogen storage materials, including metal hydrides, porous materials, chemical hydrides, and liquid hydrogen carriers. Each type is scrutinised for its unique properties, advantages, and limitations in hydrogen storage applications. Additionally, the review focused on newly developed materials and possible utilisation for efficient hydrogen storage for future applications. Finally, the review highlights the prospective challenges of computational modelling of those materials before their real-time applications.