Improving concrete properties through nano-modification: Advances in mechanical strength, durability, and structural performance

This study investigates the enhancement of structural and dynamic performance in concrete materials through nano-modification using nano-alumina reinforcements. Emphasis is placed on curved concrete shell panels, where geometric complexity and material heterogeneity present challenges in mechanical stability and vibrational behavior. Nano-alumina particles are introduced in varying distribution patterns (Pattern A to Pattern X) to improve stiffness, mechanical strength, and overall durability. Through a detailed parametric analysis, the influence of foundation stiffness—represented by the dimensionless Winkler and Pasternak parameters on the relative frequency change (RFC) is evaluated. The study also assesses the impact of geometric ratios such as thickness-to-length and radius-to-length on natural frequencies. Results reveal that increasing nano-alumina content and optimizing its distribution lead to significant improvements in natural frequency response and relative frequency stability under various boundary and loading conditions. Comparative analysis with classical and higher-order shear deformation theories further validates the proposed model, demonstrating close agreement with Reddy's third-order shear predictions. These findings highlight the effectiveness of nano-modification in improving the dynamic behavior of concrete structures, suggesting promising applications in advanced construction materials and structural systems where vibration control and mechanical resilience are critical.