Hemodynamic responses to physical activity: Numerical analysis of dynamic behavior in microvascular structures under exercise-induced forces

This study investigates the complex relationship between physical activity and hemodynamic changes in the circulatory system using advanced mechanical and mathematical modeling. Under dynamic load, blood vessels are portrayed as microtubular structures, allowing for precise characterization of their biomechanical responses to exercise-induced forces. The microscale effects of pulsatile blood flow caused by physical exertion are accurately captured by the proposed model, which combines classical beam and tube theories with the size-dependent modified couple stress theory. The governing equations are solved using a rigorous numerical framework, allowing for detailed analysis of stress-strain distributions, wall shear stress, and vascular deformation across a wide range of hemodynamic conditions. The results show that exercise-induced shear stresses and pressure variations help to strengthen vascular walls, emphasizing sports' critical role in improving vascular resilience. This study combines sports physiology and biomechanical engineering to provide a predictive framework for assessing athletic training-induced vascular adaptations. By emphasizing the importance of exercise in cardiovascular health, the study provides valuable insights for optimizing training regimens and developing targeted rehabilitation strategies. This interdisciplinary approach improves our understanding of hemodynamic behavior in physically active people, paving the way for novel applications in sports medicine and vascular health management.