Advances in Computational Design

Volume 11, Number 3, 2026, pages 249-275

DOI: 10.12989/acd.2026.11.3.249

Special Issue

Optimized secure routing with intrusion resilience via deep reinforcement learning for cyber threat detection

Jayalakshmi Sambandam , S. Malathi , L. Logeshwari , J. Dillibabu , Lithin Kumble

Abstract

With the increasing number of networked devices, elevated network speeds, and sophisticated cyber threats, cybersecurity has become a difficult problem to solve. Many current approaches fall short due to inefficient data preprocessing, redundant features, low adaptability, and failure to recognize complex behavioral patterns. To address these challenges, an intelligent hybrid framework is proposed to deal with cybersecurity problems in smart networks. An Intelligent Adaptive Routing–Density Fusion Model (IARDFM) is utilized for efficiently collecting network traffic data and preprocessing it to remove noise, redundant, and outlying data while increasing quality and balance of the data. The preoptimized features are then processed by a Deep Probabilistic Cluster-Aware Behavior Learning Network (DPCB-Net) that utilizes deep learning with probabilistic clustering to perform accurate multiclass behavioral learning. A Spectral Hierarchical Swarm Feature Optimization Framework (SHSFOF) is then used to select the most relevant features for training a learning-based approach. To detect various types of cyber-attacks, a Graph Reinforced Intrusion Detection System (GRIDS) is proposed based on graph-based learning and trust-aware evaluation. A Deep Reinforcement Learning–Based Intrusion-Resilient Secure Routing (DRL-ISR2) framework is used for selectively routing packets to different destinations to prevent intrusion and increase network resilience. Comprehensive experiments and comparisons validate improved accuracy, precision, recall, and robustness of the intelligent hybrid framework for smart network cybersecurity.

Key Words

adaptive routing; cyber threat detection and prevention; density-based clustering; feature optimization and selection techniques; graph-based intrusion detection systems; probabilistic learning methods; reinforcement learning techniques for network security problems; trust evaluation models

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