Advances in Nano Research

Volume 21, Number 1, 2026, pages 139-153

DOI: 10.12989/anr.2026.21.1.139

Study of wave propagation along protein intermediate filaments with specialized beam theories

Muhammad Safeer , Sabah Javad , Amien Khadimallah , Muzamal Hussain , Natasha Arooj , Khaled Mohammed Kheder , Rana Muhammad Akram Muntazir

Abstract

This study investigates wave propagation in protein intermediate filaments using advanced beam theories. By formulating a beam model suited to intermediate filaments structural properties, we predict wave speed and frequency, gaining information on their mechanical properties. Our findings reveal intermediate filaments role in cellular mechanics and signaling, providing insight into mechanotransduction and cell-to-cell communication. This study enriches the understanding of cellular biomechanics with relevance to intermediate filaments mutation-related diseases. The phase velocity and frequency versus wave vector are shown in the figures. The comparison of phase velocities versus wave vector and small scale parameter based on non-local Euler Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam model are show in the Tables.

Key Words

atomic force microscopy (AFM); cell mechanics; cytoskeletal dynamics; dispersion relations; mechanotransduction; protein mechanics

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