Steel and Composite Structures

Volume 59, Number 6, 2026, pages 867-899

DOI: 10.12989/scs.2026.59.6.867

Flexural behavior of sea-sand seawater concrete filled CFRP-steel tube members

Yushun Xu , Yan Liang , Zhifei Zhou , Zongping Chen , Yunsheng Pang , Fan Ning , Jianbo Ye

Abstract

This paper investigates the flexural performance of Carbon Fiber-reinforced Polymer (CFRP) reinforced circular sea-sand seawater concrete (SSC) filled steel tube (CFRP-SSCFST) members. Six specimens were tested under different bending conditions, with key variables including the number of CFRP layers, the CFRP bonding method, and the shear span ratio. The results indicate that all specimens demonstrated bending failure mode. The external CFRP members underwent peeling failure, while the internal CFRP members underwent longitudinal tension failure. CFRP significantly improved the failure mode and the mechanical performance of the CFST members. One layer of internal CFRP reinforcement significantly enhances the flexural performance of the specimens compared to one layer of external CFRP, with the ultimate bending moment increased by 10.92%, the residual bending moment increased by 17.28%, and energy ductility improved by 24.19%. Both initial and serviceability-level stiffness demonstrated no significant difference between the two configurations. Adding an external layer of CFRP to specimens with internal CFRP did not significantly enhance their overall mechanical performance of the specimens. Based on the existing design codes and experimental results, a flexural stiffness calculation method for CFRP-SSCFST members considering CFRP enhancement and a predictive model for the ultimate bending moment are proposed, providing data support and practical guidance for engineering applications.

Key Words

CFRP; CFST; flexural stiffness; SSC; ultimate bending moment

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