Digital twin-oriented fine-scale subgrade modeling and settlement pattern analysis using multi-source remote sensing fusion
Miaozhang Yu,Yanru Shi,Zhiqiang Liu,Nanjie Wu,Hongqing Li
Abstract
In highway reconstruction and expansion projects, pronounced differences in material properties, compaction states, and settlement histories between existing and newly widened subgrades can easily induce differential settlement in the joint area, thereby affecting structural stability and long-term service safety. To address the problems of incomplete geometric models, insufficient spatial representation of settlement monitoring, and inadequate digital twin-based state evaluation in existing studies, this study takes the reconstruction and expansion project of the Tai’an-Zaozhuang section of the Beijing-Taipei Expressway as the research object. A six-dimensional digital twin framework, a geometric hybrid model, and a settlement deformation analysis method for widened subgrades are developed. By integrating terrestrial three-dimensional laser scanning, UAV oblique photogrammetry, precision leveling, and multi-source point cloud registration, a high-precision subgrade point cloud model is established. Furthermore, point cloud completion, parametric model fusion, and complex polygonal hole repair are combined to construct a geometric hybrid model suitable for finite element analysis. The results show that threedimensional laser scanning can effectively characterize the overall surface settlement of the subgrade. The settlements of the three monitoring sections are 0.065 cm, 0.055 cm, and 0.067 cm, respectively, satisfying the specification requirements for measurement error. The installation of four layers of geogrid reduces the maximum settlement from 0.074 m to 0.026 m, corresponding to a settlement reduction rate of approximately 64.9%, while increasing the stability safety factor from 1.233 to 1.264. The findings indicate that the integration of digital twin technology, fine-scale point cloud modeling, and finite element analysis can provide effective support for settlement monitoring, reinforcement optimization, and structural state evaluation of widened subgrades.
Key Words
digital twin; fine-scale hybrid model; point cloud data; settlement analysis; widened subgrade
Address
Miaozhang Yu — School of Transportation Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250357, China
Yanru Shi — School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 102616, China
Zhiqiang Liu — School of Transportation Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250357, China
Nanjie Wu — School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 102616, China
Hongqing Li — School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 102616, China
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