This paper investigates the elastic instability behavior of sandwich beams featuring functionally graded skins and functionally graded porosity distribution of ceramic (Type-A) or metal (Type-B) core. Employing a high-order quasi-3D beam theory and the principle of virtual work, we derive the governing stability equations. The analysis considers three distinct porosity distributions (FGP) across the thickness, capturing variations in elastic modulus. The functionally graded porosity (FGP) distributions in functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich beams offer significant mechanical advantages over traditional porosity patterns. FGP facilitates the graded customization of stiffness, strength, and vibration response through the thickness, thereby optimizing weight and energy absorption while minimizing adverse effects, such as excessive deflection or diminished load capacity. This methodology enhances the overall structural performance and design. A parametric study evaluates how slenderness ratio, porosity volume fraction, aspect ratio, power-law grading index, and boundary conditions affect the critical buckling load (CBL). Numerical solutions are obtained and compared with existing higher-order shear deformation theories and full 2D/3D models, confirming the accuracy and robustness of the present approach.
Aissam Messaoudi, Mourad Chitour — 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences & Technology, University Abbes Laghrour, Khenchela 40000, Algeria
Abdelhakim Bouhadra, Abderrahmane Menasria — Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Sciences & Technology, University Abbes Laghrour, Khenchela 40000, Algeria; Materials and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Faculty of Technology, Algeria
Salah Refrafi — Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Sciences & Technology, University Abbes Laghrour, Khenchela 40000, Algeria
Messaoud Bazzouzi — Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Sciences & Technology, University Abbes Laghrour, Khenchela 40000, Algeria; Civil Engineering Research Laboratory LRGC, Biskra University, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
Nabil Himeur — Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences & Technology, University Abbes Laghrour, Khenchela 40000, Algeria; Laboratory of Engineering and Sciences of Advanced Materials (ISMA), Abbes Laghrour University Khenchela, 40004, Algeria
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