Coupled static and dynamic response of functionally graded cracked plates for structural health monitoring
Emad K. Njim,M.R. Al-hadrayi Ziadoon,Firas Thair Al-Maliky,Adnan A. Alshukri,S.M.H. Mohamedhussein,Mohsin A. Al-Shammari,Royal Madan,Kadhim K. Resan,Pallavi Khobragade
Abstract
This research presents Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques that employ static, modal, harmonic, and transient analyses of functionally graded material (FGM) cracked plates, modeled using First-Order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT). Crack effects are represented using an equivalent stiffness-reduction method, enabling efficient damage modeling without introducing geometric discontinuities. The study analytically investigates static deflection under concentrated loading, free vibration, harmonic response at resonance, and transient response to impulsive excitation. The primary objective is to predict plate behavior and assess damage history using SHM methodologies, validated by monitoring changes in natural frequencies and dynamic responses of damaged thin plates. Finite element models are developed for cracked steel plates with varying crack lengths and orientations. Results indicate that stress increases with crack length but decreases as the crack orientation aligns more closely with the plate axis (y-axis). Both crack length and orientation significantly influence static compliance, natural frequencies, resonance amplitudes, and transient decay, highlighting the sensitivity of dynamic response parameters to damage severity. The combined use of static and dynamic indicators provides a comprehensive framework for SHM of functionally graded material plates, supporting effective damage detection and integrity assessment. Analytical results exhibit strong agreement with ANSYS simulations, with discrepancies remaining below 1% at a/c=0.01 for all crack angles considered. These findings establish a quantitative relationship between crack parameters and frequency reduction, confirming the model's applicability for vibration-based structural health monitoring of porous FGM plates.
Key Words
finite element method (FEM); functionally graded material (FGM); static analysis; structural health monitoring (SHM); theoretical model; vibration
Address
Emad K. Njim — Department of Mechanical Power Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, University of Al Maarif, Al Anbar, 31001, Iraq
M.R. Al-hadrayi Ziadoon — Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
Firas Thair Al-Maliky — Fuel and Energy Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering, AL-Mustaqbal University, 51001, Babylon, Iraq
Adnan A. Alshukri — Ministry of Industry and Minerals, State Company for Rubber and Tires Industries, Iraq
S.M.H. Mohamedhussein — The General Company for Production of Electrical Power AL-Furat Middle Region Al-Haidarya Power Plant, Najaf, Iraq
Mohsin A. Al-Shammari — Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Royal Madan — Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
Kadhim K. Resan — Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq
Pallavi Khobragade — Department of civil Engineering, Dev Bhoomi University, Uttarakhand, India
PDF Viewer
Preview uses the same access rules as Full Text PDF (subscription, purchase, or open access).
