3D-printed hybrid pavers with post-casted pervious concrete: Mechanical-hydraulic performance and interfacial properties

Young Hwan Bae , Noor Nabilah Sarbini , Hong Jae Yim

Abstract

Pervious concrete pavements offer stormwater management benefits but are limited by their low mechanical capacity. To address this issue, this paper introduces a hybrid paver composed of a 3D-printed paste frame and post-cast pervious concrete core. A comprehensive experimental program was conducted to investigate the effects of frame geometry (lattice, circular, hexagonal, and diamond), bottom-layer thickness (10-30 mm), aggregate gradation, and post-casting time on density, porosity, infiltration, and flexural performance. The results indicated that the frame geometry and bottom-layer thickness were the dominant factors governing the mechanical-hydraulic balance. Increasing the printed-layer thickness significantly enhanced the flexural strength by increasing the section stiffness and confinement, although it reduced infiltration owing to the formation of deeper constricted flow channels. Circular and diamond geometries provided superior confinement and strength, whereas the lattice and hexagonal patterns maintained higher drainage continuity. The hybrid system developed in this study demonstrated flexural strengths up to 4 MPa, exhibited performance consistent with the functional drainage standards and offering a designable platform to tailor pavement performance.

Key Words

3D-printed paste; hybrid paver; interfacial bonding; mechanical-hydraulic performance; post-cast pervious concrete

Address

Young Hwan Bae, Hong Jae Yim — Department of Civil Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
Noor Nabilah Sarbini — Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

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