Damage mechanism of different cementitious concrete target against impact loading

In the present study, both experimental and numerical investigations were conducted to examine the ballistic impact response of five different cementitious concrete targets. Ballistic perforation tests were performed at low impact velocities ranging from 70 to 195 m/s. All targets were subjected to normal impact, and the projectile velocities were recorded using a high-speed camera. The results were analyzed and compared based on the extent and distribution of surface damage, ballistic limit velocity (BLV), and ballistic perforation resistance, as indicated by the residual velocity. The inclusion of steel fibers in the plain concrete matrix was found to enhance the BLV of the targets, reduce surface damage, and prevent target splitting. The experimental findings were further validated through analytical and numerical simulations. This study provides insights into the damage mechanisms of various concrete targets under long steel rod ballistic impact, offering valuable guidance for research and development in the design of protective structures.