Nano-enhanced sport stadium roofs: Dynamic stability and aerodynamic performance for extreme weather conditions

The research examines how extreme weather conditions affect the stability and aerodynamic capabilities of stadium roofs that use nano materials. The modern architectural design for large stadium roofs uses a doubly curved panel system which achieves better structural performance and flexible design options. The roof structure will achieve better mechanical performance through the use of graphene nanoplatelet (GPL) reinforced composites which create panel materials that will provide higher stiffness and lower weight and better environmental performance. The analysis uses rain-induced loading as an extreme weather condition because it considers the extra weight and damping effects and fluid-structure interaction which occurs during precipitation. The governing equations of motion for the doubly curved panels are formulated based on classical shell theory which is modified through the addition of nanoparticle reinforcement effects. An effective medium method enables material property evaluation by demonstrating how graphene nanoplatelets affect material performance. The first-order piston theory provides an effective method for measuring unsteady aerodynamic pressures which affect curved surfaces during high wind conditions. Through the evaluation of structural/aerodynamic systems one obtains important information about system data that indicates natural frequencies and damping ratios, as well as the dynamic performance of a structure. The results of the research indicate that the addition of graphene nanoplatelets results in an increase in the rigidity/stability of the roof system and decreases the amount of rain-induced loading that the roof system will experience due to vibration. Additionally, the aerodynamic performance of the roof system is enhanced/helped by its ability to accommodate this high-velocity airflow. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that nano-reinforced materials permit architects to develop new roof structures for future use by stadiums.