With the revision of seismic design standards, there is a growing need to focus on seismic retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete structures. In particular, for reinforced concrete columns that do not incorporate seismic reinforcement detailing, there is a high risk of brittle shear failure during an earthquake. Moreover, when observing the most severely damaged buildings after actual earthquakes, it is often found that the majority of these buildings did not have seismic design provisions. In this study, four full-scale RC columns were constructed using aramid FRP. After reinforcing the bending and shear regions of I-shaped RC columns, cycle loading experiments were conducted. The experimental results closely matched the expected design strength. The study confirmed the effectiveness of aramid FRP in enhancing the strength and ductility of the columns. It is anticipated that aramid FRP reinforcement will be highly effective for elements with inadequate seismic design or those in need of repair and reinforcement.