Nondestructive tests for defections detection of nanoparticles in cement-based materials: A review

To date, nondestructive tests (NDT) applications and advances in detecting the dispersion and defections of the nano concrete (NC) materials fields are very limited. The current paper provides a review of the dispersion efficiency of nanomaterials in cement-based materials and how NDT can be efficiently used in detecting and visualizing the defections and dispersions of NC. The review identifies the characteristics of different types of nanoparticles used in NC. Nanomaterials influences on concrete characteristics and their dispersion degree are presented and discussed. The main aim of this article is to present and compare the common NDT that can be used for detecting and visualizing the defections and dispersions of different kinds of nanomaterials utilized in NC. The different microscopy and X-ray methods are explicitly reviewed and compared. Based on the collected data, it can be concluded that the fully detecting and visualizing of NC defections and dispersions have not been fully discovered and that needs further investigations. So, the distinction of this paper lies in defining NDT that can be employed for detecting and/or visualizing NC defections and dispersions.