Evaluation of embedded FBG sensors for strain monitoring of residential timber buildings under various wind speeds

This study explores the use of Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) systems as embedded sensors for monitoring strain and temperature in residential timber buildings. FBG sensors are chosen for their corrosion resistance, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and high sensitivity. They have been successfully employed as embedded sensors for real-time structural health monitoring in aerospace, automotive, and civil infrastructure applications. A proof-of-concept experimental setup has validated the system's performance and functionality. Multiple one-story and two-story scaled-down (~1:20) prototype timber buildings were constructed and placed in a wind tunnel to assess their structural performance and stability under wind speeds ranging from 0 to 150 mph. FBG sensors attached to the buildings measured strain and wavelength changes in real-time. The measured strain data can be used to estimate the load-carrying capacity and assess the building's reliability. The FBG sensors demonstrated accurate measurement and real-time monitoring of strain changes in selected structural elements during high wind speeds. Assessment results can inform condition-based maintenance, safety evaluations, and stability reports. Additionally, the system can issue real-time warnings for potential failures and damages, thereby enhancing the overall resilience of residential buildings.