Response surface analysis of removal of a textile dye by a Turkish coal powder

In the present study, an experimental design methodology was used to optimize the adsorptive removal of Basic Yellow 13 (BY13) using Turkish coal powder. A central composite design (CCD) consisting of 31 experiments was employed to evaluate the simple and combined effects of the four independent variables, initial dye concentration (mg/L), adsorbent dosage (g/L), temperature (°C) and contact time (min) on the color removal (CR) efficiency (%) and optimizing the process response. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination value (<i>R</i>² = 0.947) and satisfactory prediction of the polynomial regression model was derived. Results indicated that the CR efficiency was not significantly affected by temperature in the range of 12-60°C. While all other variables significantly influenced response. The highest CR (95.14%), estimated by multivariate experimental design, was found at the optimal experimental conditions of initial dye concentration 30 mg/L, adsorbent dosage 1.5 g/L, temperature 25°C and contact time 10 min.