Parametric analysis of transmission lines embedded in steel–concrete composite structures: A computational study

This paper presents a parametric analysis of a two-conductor transmission line embedded in steel–concrete composite structures. The line configuration consists of a steel rebar and PVC-insulated copper wire, with spacing varied from near-contact (14.35 mm) to 3 m. The resistance, inductance, capacitance, conductance, and characteristic impedance of the transmission line are modeled considering skin effect, proximity effect, and frequency. The results show that resistance and conductance are strongly affected by both frequency and conductor spacing, whereas inductance and capacitance are primarily governed by geometry. Characteristic impedance exhibits a combined dependence on spacing and frequency, with significant increases observed at wide spacings and high frequencies. These findings provide valuable insights into the electromagnetic behavior of embedded transmission lines, with implications for structural health monitoring of steel–concrete composite structures.