Implementation of the component method for optimizing the cost of end plate connections in steel construction

Connections are crucial in structural systems, particularly in steel structures, as they play a vital role in maintaining the integrity and stability of the entire system. This study aims to determine the optimal dimensions for four types of end plate connections, utilizing advanced optimization techniques: Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Snake Optimizer (SO). The primary objective is to minimize costs while satisfying mechanical constraints on bending moment and initial stiffness, ensuring structural safety and integrity. The design variables under consideration include the dimensions and thickness of the end plates, bolt diameters, and the placement of bolts. To accurately assess the connection's performance, the bending moment and rotational stiffness were calculated using the "component method" outlined in Eurocode 3, Part 1-8. The computational analysis was conducted using MATLAB software, which facilitated the modeling and optimization processes. The results demonstrated strong alignment with prior research outcomes, aligning closely with findings from previous research, thereby validating the effectiveness of the chosen optimization methods. The proposed optimal design not only enhances reliability compared to earlier studies but also achieves a significant reduction in connection costs—up to 56%. This improvement underscores the potential of using advanced optimization techniques in structural design, offering a pathway to more efficient and cost-effective engineering solutions. This study offers practical contributions to the design and optimization of steel connections, promoting enhanced structural performance and economic viability in construction practices.