Optimum seismic design of friction dampers with heavy duty springs

This study investigates the feasibility and effectiveness of a friction damper made of brake pads, high-strength bolts, and a heavy-duty coil spring. It is positioned in the middle of a steel bracing to dissipate earthquake energy. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed damper, its mechanical behavior is evaluated through finite element analysis, and an analytical model is established for structural analysis and design. The analytical model of the damper is developed using SAP2000 software and is compared with the FE model generated in Ansys Mechanical software. Bayesian optimization technique with Gaussian process is employed to determine the minimum number and optimum locations of the dampers to satisfy a given limit state with minimum cost. The analytical model and the optimum design technique are applied to a 5-story reinforced concrete (RC) structure to assess its performance before and after retrofit for the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) conditions. The seismic performance is thoroughly evaluated regarding maximum interstory drift, residual displacement, and energy dissipation capability. Overall, the results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed friction damper and optimum design technique in safeguarding structures against seismic loads.